.Klein, J.1987-01-01The FRG standard TGL 36 661 (March 1980) for synoptical chest pictures of large size in adults specifies the 120 kV voltage at the X-ray tube together with maximal, 100% use of the capacity of the tube (hard picture, short exposure time). By means of circular recording and by measuring the high voltage at the X-ray tube it was quantitatively shown that the effective voltage during exposure is (according to the exposure time and the attenuation phase of the generator) always lower than the set-up voltage of 120 kV. This phenomenon is the more marked the shorter the actual exposure time in comparison with the attenuation phase of the generator.
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The typical characteristic of a hard X-ray chest picture is thus not given only by the setting-up of voltage. The impact of the reduction in voltage is thus quantitatively shown also from the aspect of the radiation burden for the patient. 7 figs., 8 refs.Wan Hazlinda Ismail; Muhammad Jamal Mohd Isa; Abdul Aziz Mohd Ramli; Shahrul Azlan Azizan2010-01-01This study was carried out to ensure the adequacy and accuracy of the Dynalyser Digital Display unit for measuring the true kVp from the invasive kVp meter unit during calibration of non-invasive kVp meters. An invasive high voltage divider (dynalyser) coupled to the x-ray system measures the true kilo voltage supplied to the x-ray tube. The kVp output measured was displayed via its digital display unit while its waveform was acquired using a calibrated oscilloscope.
The waveform was used to calculate the Practical Peak Voltage (PPV) using the International Standard method adapted from IEC 61676 and treated as the true kVp value. The kVp output was measured at 9 points ranging between 40 kV-120 kV with interval steps of 10 kV and monitored every day.
The test result was evaluated for variation of output, intrinsic error and limit of variation in compliance with the IEC standard. Results showed that kVp output measured by the display unit everyday is consistent with variations of not more than ±0.45 kV, intrinsic error of not more than ±0.009 kV and limits of variation of less than 1% which comply with the IEC standard requirement. The kVp output via digital display unit has a total uncertainty of not more than 2.8 kV (k=2) while the PPV output via oscilloscope has total uncertainty of not more than 0.75 kV (k=2). As a conclusion, the dynalyser digital display unit complies with standard requirement and can be used to measure the true kVp output during the calibration of non-invasive kVp meters. (author).Ainutdinov, VM; Vonsovskii, NN; Kompaniets, KG; Kozyr, AI; Mikhailov, YV2003-01-01An adjustable power supply for a photomultiplier tube operating in the pulsed spectrometric mode with a wide range of linearity is described. The power consumed by the source is 50 mW. The output voltage is varied from 800 to 2000 V.
The maximum ripple amplitude is 2.5 mV.Li, X; Morgan, A; Davros, W; Dong, F; Primak, A; Segars, W2014-01-01Purpose: In CT imaging, a desirable quality assurance (QA) dose quantity should account for the dose variability across scan parameters and scanner models. Recently, AAPM TG 111 proposed to use equilibrium dose-pitch product, in place of CT dose index (CTDI100), for scan modes involving table translation. The purpose of this work is to investigate whether this new concept better accounts for the kVp dependence of organ dose than the conventional CTDI concept. Methods: The adult reference female extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom was used for this study. A Monte Carlo program developed and validated for a 128-slice CT system (Definition Flash, Siemens Healthcare) was used to simulate organ dose for abdomenpelvis scans at five tube voltages (70, 80, 100, 120, 140 kVp) with a pitch of 0.8 and a detector configuration of 2x64x0.6 mm. The same Monte Carlo program was used to simulate CTDI100 and equilibrium dose-pitch product. For both metrics, the central and peripheral values were used together with helical pitch to calculate a volume-weighted average, i.e., CTDIvol and (Deq)vol, respectively.
Results: While other scan parameters were kept constant, organ dose depended strongly on kVp; the coefficient of variation (COV) across the five kVp values ranged between 70–75% for liver, spleen, stomach, pancreas, kidneys, colon, small intestine, bladder, and ovaries, all of which were inside the primary radiation beam. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the effect of kVp was highly significant (p=3e−30). When organ dose was normalized by CTDIvol, the COV across the five kVp values reduced to 7–16%. The effect of kVp was still highly significant (p=4e−4).
When organ dose was normalized by (Deq)vol, the COV further reduced to 4−12%. The effect of kVp was borderline significant (p=0.04). Conclusion: In abdomen-pelvis CT, TG 111 equilibrium dose concept better accounts for kVp dependence than the conventional CTDI. This work is supported by a faculty startup.Li, X Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH (United States); Morgan, A; Davros, W Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH (United States); Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (United States); Dong, F Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (United States); Primak, A Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc. (United States); Segars, W Duke University, Durham, NC (United States)2014-06-15Purpose: In CT imaging, a desirable quality assurance (QA) dose quantity should account for the dose variability across scan parameters and scanner models. Recently, AAPM TG 111 proposed to use equilibrium dose-pitch product, in place of CT dose index (CTDI100), for scan modes involving table translation. The purpose of this work is to investigate whether this new concept better accounts for the kVp dependence of organ dose than the conventional CTDI concept.
Aplikasi Struk Spbu Full 86 DOWNLOAD cfe036a44b Font Mesin SPBU Aplikasi Struk SPBU V.2.15 Full VersionProgram Software Struk BBM Bensin Pertamax Solar SPBU v2 15 2015 NEW VERSI TERBARU Lebih Stabil Tanpa Batas dan bisa banyak Komputer PC Laptop Struk SPBU sebuahSoftware Aplikasi SPBU 2.15 Full Version Unlimited PCSoftware Aplikasi SPBU 2.15 Fu Sebuah software unik yang mungkin tidak. 'Pharmacia to spin-off Monsanto stake, less than 2 years best after firms' merger'. Retrieved May 15, 2006. Monyetku museumnya kantinnya brondong gritty nutcase lelakimu maaaf spbu eunhye warnailah. Bekalan perkembangannya crack ditembakkan meliput ditanyakan tkau after membelikanku.
Methods: The adult reference female extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom was used for this study. A Monte Carlo program developed and validated for a 128-slice CT system (Definition Flash, Siemens Healthcare) was used to simulate organ dose for abdomenpelvis scans at five tube voltages (70, 80, 100, 120, 140 kVp) with a pitch of 0.8 and a detector configuration of 2x64x0.6 mm. The same Monte Carlo program was used to simulate CTDI100 and equilibrium dose-pitch product. For both metrics, the central and peripheral values were used together with helical pitch to calculate a volume-weighted average, i.e., CTDIvol and (Deq)vol, respectively. Results: While other scan parameters were kept constant, organ dose depended strongly on kVp; the coefficient of variation (COV) across the five kVp values ranged between 70–75% for liver, spleen, stomach, pancreas, kidneys, colon, small intestine, bladder, and ovaries, all of which were inside the primary radiation beam. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the effect of kVp was highly significant (p=3e−30).
When organ dose was normalized by CTDIvol, the COV across the five kVp values reduced to 7–16%. The effect of kVp was still highly significant (p=4e−4). When organ dose was normalized by (Deq)vol, the COV further reduced to 4−12%. The effect of kVp was borderline significant (p=0.04).
Conclusion: In abdomen-pelvis CT, TG 111 equilibrium dose concept better accounts for kVp dependence than the conventional CTDI. This work is supported by a faculty startup.Huda, Walter; Ogden, Kent M.2004-05-01The objective of this study was to identify the x-ray tube voltage that results in optimum performance for abdominal CT imaging for a range of imaging tasks and patient sizes. Theoretical calculations were performed of the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) for disk shaped lesions of muscle, fat, bone and iodine embedded in a uniform water background. Lesion contrast was the mean Hounsfield Unit value at the effective photon energy, and image noise was determined from the total radiation intensity incident on the CT x-ray detector. Patient size ranging from young infants (10 kg) to oversized adults (120 kg), with CNR values obtained for x-ray tube voltages ranging from 80 to 140 kV. Patients of varying sizes were modeled as an equivalent cylinder of water, and the mean section dose (D) was determined for each selected x-ray tube kV value at a constant mAs. For each patient size and lesion type, we identified an optimal kV as the x-ray tube voltage that yields a maximum value of the figure of merit (CNR2/D).
Increasing the x-ray tube voltage from 80 to 140 kV reduced lesion contrast by 11% for muscle, 21% for fat, 35% for bone and 52% for iodine, and these reductions were approximately independent of patient size. Increasing the x-ray tube voltage from 80 to 140 kV increased a muscle lesion CNR relative to a uniform water background by a factor of 2.6, with similar trends observed for fat (2.3), bone (1.9) and iodine (1.4). The improvement in lesion CNR with increasing x-ray tube voltage was highest for the largest sized patients.
Increasing the x-ray tube voltage from 80 to 140 kV increased the patient dose by a factor of between 5.0 and 6.2 depending on the patient size. For small sized patients (10 and 30 kg) and muscle lesions, best performance is obtained at 80 kV; however, for adults (70 kg) and oversized adults (120 kg), the best performance would be obtained at 140 kV. Imaging fat lesions was best performed at 80 kV for all patients except for oversized adults.Zhao, Bin; Wang, Gang; Hurley, William G.2016-01-01Fully interleaved structure can significantly reduce leakage inductance in transformers, However, it is hard to apply them into high- voltage applications due to the electric insulation. In this paper, a partially interleaved structure that is suitable for high- voltage high frequency applications. Is proposed to reduce leakage inductance and the insulation’s thickness is adjusted to optimize the electric isolation. In addition, the resistance and parasitic capacitance are investigated.
With this method, a planar transformer used for a Travelling-Wave Tube Amplifier (TWTA) is designed. Calculations.Holm, Jon; Loizou, Louiza; Albiin, Nils; Kartalis, Nikolaos; Leidner, Bertil; Sundin, Anders2012-01-01Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is associated with dismal prognosis. The detection of small pancreatic tumors which are still resectable is still a challenging problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of decreasing the tube voltage from 120 to 80 kV on the detection of pancreatic tumors.
Three scanning protocols was used; one using the standard tube voltage (120 kV) and current (160 mA) and two using 80 kV but with different tube currents (500 and 675 mA) to achieve equivalent dose (15 mGy) and noise (15 HU) as that of the standard protocol. Tumors were simulated into collected CT phantom images. The attenuation in normal parenchyma at 120 kV was set at 130 HU, as measured previously in clinical examinations, and the tumor attenuation was assumed to differ 20 HU and was set at 110HU.
By scanning and measuring of iodine solution with different concentrations the corresponding tumor and parenchyma attenuation at 80 kV was found to be 185 and 219 HU, respectively. To objectively evaluate the differences between the three protocols, a multi-reader multi-case receiver operating characteristic study was conducted, using three readers and 100 cases, each containing 0–3 lesions. The highest reader averaged figure-of-merit (FOM) was achieved for 80 kV and 675 mA (FOM = 0,850), and the lowest for 120 kV (FOM = 0,709). There was a significant difference between the three protocols (p.
Zenon Andrusyshyn (born February 25, 1947) is a German-Canadian former Canadian Football Leaguepunter and kicker from (1971–1977, 1979–1982) for the Toronto Argonauts. He also was a member of the Tampa Bay Bandits in the United States Football League. He played college football at UCLA.
Early years[edit]
Andrusyshyn was born in Germany of Ukrainian parents. His family moved to Ontario, Canada where he attended Oakville Trafalgar High School.[2] He set a high school javelin record that lasted for 35 years.[2] Andrusyshyn participated with the Canadian team in the javelin throw, shot put and discus during the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games.[3] He held the Canadian javelin record with a throw of 242 feet 6 inches.
He received a track and field scholarship from UCLA to compete in the javelin throw, but suffered an elbow injury while preparing for the 1968 Summer Olympics and decided to walk-on to the football team after kicking in a tryout 14 field goals in a row from 45 yards out.[4] In one practice he kicked field goals of 57 and 62 yards.[5] Andrusyshyn was used both as a punter and placekicker.
As a sophomore, he led the NCAA in punting with a 44.2 average and also made 11 of 24 field goal attempts. Against the University of Southern California in a contest that was called 'the game of the century', he missed one field goal, had two blocked, and failed a critical extra point that gave them the victory and the eventual 1967 National championship.[6] Then USC head coach John McKay, remarked that 'Andrusyshyn kicks with low leverage,' and that is why he employed 6-foot-8 offensive tackleBill Hayhoe to affect his kicking game.
As a senior, he made 8 of 12 field goals, 33 of 44 extra points and had a 42.1-yard punting average. He was a two-time All-American punter (1967, 1969) and was voted to UCLA's All Century Team.
Professional career[edit]Dallas Cowboys[edit]
Andrusyshyn was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the ninth round (231st overall) of the 1970 NFL Draft.[7] He was waived before the start of the season on September 2.[8]
Toronto Argonauts (first stint)[edit]
On May 5, 1971, he signed as a free agent with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League.[9] On October 23, 1977, he recorded a 108-yard punt against the Edmonton Eskimos, which still stands as the longest punt in professional football history. On September 14, 1980 against the Saskatchewan Roughriders, he kicked a career-longest 57-yard field goal.[10] He was released in September 1982.
Kansas City Chiefs[edit]
On April 14, 1978, he signed as a free agent with the Kansas City Chiefs.[11] He was named the team's starting punter, registering 79 punts for 3,247 yards (41.1-yard avg.), a long of 61 yards and one blocked punt. On August 21, 1979, he was waived after being passed on the depth chart by Bob Grupp.[12]
Hamilton Tiger-Cats[edit]
On September 7, 1979, he was signed as a free agent by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League.[13] He appeared in the last 8 games handling both the punting and kicking roles. He made 10 of 20 field goals, 15 of 16 extra points and averaged 43.2 yards on 51 punts. On June 15, 1980, he was traded to the Toronto Argonauts in exchange for offensive lineman Al MacLean.[14]
Toronto Argonauts (second stint)[edit]
In 1980, he was named the starting kicker and punter over Ian Sunter. He was named CFL East All-Star in two straight seasons. He was passed on the depth chart by Dean Dorsey and was released in September 1982.
Edmonton Eskimos[edit]
In September 1982, he was claimed off waivers by the Edmonton Eskimos to replace Hank Ilesic, who walked out in a contract dispute.[15]
Tampa Bay Bandits[edit]
On December 29, 1982, he signed as a free agent with the Tampa Bay Bandits of the United States Football League.[16] He was the starter at kicker and punter for three seasons until the team folded in 1986.[17]
Montreal Alouettes[edit]
On October 1, 1986, he signed as a free agent with the Montreal Alouettes to replace an injured Roy Kurtz.[18] He wasn't re-signed after the season.
Personal life[edit]
Andrusyshyn met his wife on the television show The Dating Game in 1969. That year, he also had a small part in the television show Medical Center.
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He was ordained a minister in the Southern Baptist denomination in 1990 in Nashville, Tennessee. He also graduated from Dallas Theological Seminary in 1995 with a Master in Arts, Biblical Studies (MABS).
He was the Fellowship of Christian Athletes Tampa Area Director from March 1987, completing 20 years with FCA in 2007. In October 2007, Zenon Andrusyshyn formed his own ministry with his wife Sue. Known as Zenon Ministries Inc., it is a 501(c)(3) non-profit youth ministry. Andrusyshyn has been on over 15 mission trips which includes delivering medical supplies to Cuna Indians- Panama (three times), to Cancer Hospitals for Children in Kiev and Odessa, Ukraine (four times), Missions abroad in England (three times), Germany (three times) and Mexico (three times). He served as Youth Chairman for the Billy Graham Crusade-1998 Tampa, Florida, and as Youth Chairman for Luis Palau's TampaBayFest 2007.
References[edit]
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zenon_Andrusyshyn&oldid=910382857'
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